Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that involves the use of algorithms and statistical models to enable computers to learn from data, without being explicitly programmed. It is a method of teaching computers to learn from data, recognize patterns, and make predictions or decisions based on that data. Machine learning algorithms are trained on large datasets, and then use that training to make predictions or decisions about new data.

Artificial intelligence, on the other hand, is a broad field of computer science that deals with creating machines that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, perception, and problem-solving. AI encompasses a wide range of techniques, including machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, robotics, and expert systems.

Data security involves ensuring that the data in the database is protected from unauthorized access and that sensitive information is not compromised. Data backup and recovery involve creating regular backups of the database and having a plan in place to restore the database in case of data loss or corruption.